Tropical cyclones develop when powerful thunderstorms draw air away from the surface, leaving behind less air—and lower air pressure—in their wake. A tropical cyclone features warm air throughout the storm, and it feeds its energy almost entirely from warm ocean waters fuelling those thunderstorms.
But not all storms neatly fit within these two boxes. There are hybrid storms—like Fiona in 2022 and Sandy in 2012—that fall somewhere in the middle of the spectrum, featuring characteristics of both types of storms.
And it’s possible for a storm to drift back and forth as it interacts with its surroundings. Tammy’s transition from hurricane to post-tropical and back to a tropical storm again is a great example of how fluid these formidable storms can be depending on the environment around them.
A fitting storm for a quirky year
Tropical Storm Tammy’s regeneration is a perfect footnote for a storm whose entire existence is relatively unlikely. This has been an incredibly active hurricane season in the Atlantic basin, far exceeding averages with 20 tropical storms or hurricanes so far this year. (Our first storm was an unnamed system that formed back in January.)
That would be a noteworthy feat during any hurricane season—2023 is now tied for the fourth-most active season on record—but the basin managed to churn out one storm after another despite a strong El Niño over in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
El Niño tends to suppress Atlantic hurricane activity by increasing wind shear that can destroy a storm before it has a chance to develop. This year, though, unprecedented warmth across the Atlantic helped to supercharge the season.
Header image courtesy of NOAA.
WATCH: How a hurricane can gather strength with frightening speed
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